Why does this happen in chemistry? And how to predict stuff using the principles of boom boom chemistry.
Chemical thermodynamics — the study of stuff that’s hot and cold and what happens when something is hot or cold or does anything.
* The system is the system like an engine or a piston that pushes or pulls gas
* The surroundings is the rest of the universe
Intensive variables are variables that cannot be changed when a part of the system is divided up into pieces. Like the volume is not intensive, but the molar heat capacity of a gas is.
* Extensive variables are variables that are changed when the system is divided up. Like volume or mass or something like that
* reversible process — requires the system to be in equilibrium throughout the process — no spontaneity or anything GET THAT IN YOUR THICK FUCKING HEAD. It requires the state to change in an infinitesmal kinda way (wrong spelling???). If the state changes that slowly, it is in equilibrium all the time cus no gibbs free energy or anything like a fucking epic fucking yes.
there is a lot more but seriously you can look the rest up in your book
The first principle of chemical thermodynamics is just the universe fucking with us and making us feel like shit and making us pollute and being a little fucking turd to us.
Its the principle of conservation of energy.
dU = dQ + dW
dU is the change in potential energy, dQ is the transfer of heat into or out of the system and dW is the work done on or by the system.
dQ is positive if heat is transferred into the system from the surroundings and negative when heat is transferred from the system to the surroundings
THIS IS IMPORTANT IF YOU WANT TO UNDERSTAND ANYTHING -
* dW is positive is the work is done to the system (say someone pushes the piston of a container containing gas, compressing the gas).
* dW is negative when work is done BY the system (say the gas in the container pushes the piston and expands)
This makes total fucking sense if you use your stupid brain you.
Also after causing mathematics to do some gymnastics, we end up with the expression of work done being PdV
w=PdV
P is the pressure of the system and dV is the change in volume. IT MAKES TOTAL FUCKING SENSE DO THE MATH YOU ASSHOLE
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE ADD HEAT TO something at CONSTANT VOLUME
constant volume means the gas is not compressing or expanding. so PdV is 0 here
even thought the pressure is actually increasing when we heat the gas, no change in volume so still 0 lol
so dU = dQ here
pretty straightforward.
Ok Ima stop now and I’ll write more at night now. My parents are talking about ANC headphones. Bye
